The disease has been endemic in Israel for many years. Leishmania major was the only causative agent of the disease until the early 2000s, endemic areas of Leishmania major were limited to Negev, Jordan Valley, Dead Sea, Arava. Since 2003, an outbreak of Leishmania tropica has been registered in new areas of the Galilee. From 2010, the disease has spread to north and to west Negev.
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